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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a tire comprising a crown reinforcement consisting of at least two working crown layers of reinforcement elements and at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements, a layer C being disposed between the ends of the reinforcing elements. top layers of work. According to the invention, the tread has at least one longitudinal orientation cut, the depth, measured on a new tire, of said at least one longitudinal orientation cutout being greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the tread. the tread, the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of the said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout to the width measured at the surface of the tread of the said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout being strictly greater than 2 , the elastic modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of the layer C being greater than 9 MPa and the maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, of the layer C being less than 0.100.
    公开号:FR3045469A1
    申请号:FR1562451
    申请日:2015-12-16
    公开日:2017-06-23
    发明作者:Benjamin Quantinet；Gilles Godeau；Tony Zivkovic；Philippe Gervais
    申请人:Michelin Recherche et Technique SA Switzerland ；Compagnie Generale des Etablissements Michelin SCA；Michelin Recherche et Technique SA France；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
    The present invention relates to a tire, radial carcass reinforcement and more particularly to a tire intended to equip vehicles carrying heavy loads and rolling at a high speed, such as, for example, trucks, tractors, trailers or road buses.
    [0002] In general, in heavy-vehicle tires, the carcass reinforcement is anchored on both sides in the bead zone and is radially surmounted by a crown reinforcement consisting of at least two layers, superimposed and formed of son or parallel cables in each layer and crossed from one layer to the next in making with the circumferential direction angles between 10 ° and 45 °. Said working layers, forming the working armature, can still be covered with at least one so-called protective layer and formed of advantageously metallic and extensible reinforcing elements, called elastic elements. It may also comprise a layer of low extensibility wires or metal cables forming with the circumferential direction an angle of between 45 ° and 90 °, this so-called triangulation ply being radially located between the carcass reinforcement and the first ply of plywood. so-called working top, formed of parallel wires or cables having angles at most equal to 45 ° in absolute value. The triangulation ply forms with at least said working ply a triangulated reinforcement, which presents, under the different stresses it undergoes, few deformations, the triangulation ply having the essential role of taking up the transverse compression forces of which the object all the reinforcing elements in the area of the crown of the tire.
    Cables are said to be inextensible when said cables have under a tensile force equal to 10% of the breaking force a relative elongation at most equal to 0.2%.
    Cables are said elastic when said cables have under tensile force equal to the breaking load a relative elongation of at least 3% with a maximum tangent modulus of less than 150 GPa.
    [0005] Circumferential reinforcing elements are reinforcing elements which make angles with the circumferential direction in the range + 2.5 °, -2.5 ° around 0 °.
    The circumferential direction of the tire, or longitudinal direction, is the direction corresponding to the periphery of the tire and defined by the rolling direction of the tire.
    [0007] The transverse or axial direction of the tire is parallel to the rotation axis of the tire.
    The radial direction is a direction intersecting the rotational axis of the tire and perpendicular thereto.
    The axis of rotation of the tire is the axis around which it rotates in normal use.
    A radial or meridian plane is a plane which contains the axis of rotation of the tire.
    The circumferential mid-plane, or equatorial plane, is a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the tire and which divides the tire into two halves.
    As regards the rubber compositions, the modulus measurements are made in tension according to the AFNOR-NFT-46002 standard of September 1988: measuring in second elongation (ie, after an accommodation cycle) the secant modulus nominal (or apparent stress, in MPa) at 10% elongation (normal conditions of temperature and hygrometry according to AFNOR-NFT-40101 of December 1979).
    Some current tires, called "road", are intended to ride at high speed and on longer and longer journeys, because of the improvement of the road network and the growth of the motorway network in the world. The set of conditions under which such a tire is called to roll, undoubtedly allows an increase in the number of kilometers traveled, the wear of the tire being less; against the endurance of the latter and in particular of the crown reinforcement is penalized.
    There are indeed constraints at the crown reinforcement and more particularly shear stresses between the crown layers, combined with a significant increase in the operating temperature at the ends of the crown layer. axially the shortest, which result in the appearance and propagation of cracks of the rubber at said ends.
    In order to improve the endurance of the crown reinforcement of the tire type studied, solutions relating to the structure and quality of the layers and / or profiles of rubber compounds which are arranged between and / or around the ends of the tire. plies and more particularly the ends of the axially shortest ply have already been made.
    It is in particular known to introduce a layer of rubber mixture between the ends of the working layers to create a decoupling between said ends to limit shear stresses. However, such decoupling layers must have a very good cohesion. Such layers of rubber compounds are described, for example, in the patent application WO 2004/076204.
    The tires thus produced can actually improve performance especially in terms of endurance.
    Furthermore, it is known to provide tires with a very wide tread or to give tires of a given size larger load capacities to introduce a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements. The patent application WO 99/24269 describes for example the presence of such a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements.
    The layer of circumferential reinforcing elements is usually constituted by at least one wire rope wound to form a turn whose laying angle relative to the circumferential direction is less than 2.5 °.
    In combination with this internal tire structure, it is known to provide the tread, that is to say the part of the tire intended to come into contact with the ground when rolling and to wear during rolling, a sculpture formed of relief elements delimited by grooves that are circumferentially, transversely or obliquely. The purpose of such a sculpture is to give the tread good performance in driving on dry pavement and on pavement covered with water especially in rainy weather.
    To improve the performance of the treads without too much lowering the shear stiffness of said strips, it is known to form on the rolling surface a plurality of transversely or obliquely oriented ridges in order to cut the film of water. on a roadway to ensure good contact between the tread and the roadway. One way to obtain such edges is to provide the band with a plurality of cutouts, these cutouts having the shape of grooves or the form of incisions. In the present application, the incisions of the grooves are distinguished in that the incisions have a width that is suitable for allowing, during rolling, at least partial contact between the walls facing each other delimiting these incisions and in particular during the passage through contact with the ground, which can not be the case for the grooves in the normal conditions of use of the tire.
    Combined with this need to improve the adhesion performance by the presence of edges formed by the transverse cuts, it is also required that the performance of a tread be durable, that is to say that satisfactory performance is achieved even after partial wear more or less advanced. By partial wear of a tread means a state of wear corresponding to a tread thickness at most equal to the total thickness of the band that can be worn before having to change the tire, in particular for regulatory reasons. .
    Patent application WO 02/3 8399-A2 describes a tread for a truck tire, this tread comprising a plurality of circumferential and transverse grooves. The transverse grooves are formed of an alternation of hollow zones and incisions so as to have a volume of hollow opening on the running surface in new condition and a volume of hidden hollows, these hidden hollows being intended to open after partial wear of the same tread. The presence of hidden hollows - appearing with wear, allows for greater rigidity in the initial state while ensuring a performance of adhesion regardless of the level of wear of the strip.
    In tests, the inventors have shown that the presence of certain types of longitudinal cutouts with hidden recesses could lead to a degradation of performance in terms of wear, with the appearance of forms of irregular wear in the transverse direction, in comparison with similar tires having no such hidden hollows for identical uses.
    Furthermore, the current requirements guide the design of tires so that they contribute to the reduction of fuel consumption of vehicles.
    An object of the invention is to provide tires whose wear properties and more specifically regularity of wear in the transverse direction are retained or improved regardless of the use, for these types of longitudinal cutouts comprising hidden hollows present on the tread and whose performance in terms of rolling resistance are improved to contribute to lower fuel consumption by vehicles equipped with such tires.
    This object is achieved according to the invention by a radial carcass reinforcement tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements, a layer C of rubber mix being disposed between at least the ends of said at least two working crown layers, said crown reinforcement being radially capped with a tread, said tread being joined to two beads by means of two flanks, the crown reinforcement having at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements, said tread having a running surface intended to come into contact with a roadway and forming a contact surface, said tread being constituted by at least a central portion extending at least in the area of the equatorial plane and two axially outer portions and having at least in said portion e central at least one longitudinally oriented cutout, the depth, measured on a new tire in at least said central portion, of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout being greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the tread the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cut-out to the width measured at the surface of the new tire tread of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout being greater than 2, the tensile modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of layer C being greater than 9 MPa and the maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, of layer C being less than 0.100.
    For the purposes of the invention, a cutout generically designates either a groove or an incision and corresponds to the space delimited by material walls facing each other and spaced from one another by a distance non-zero (called "width of the cutout"). What differentiates an incision from a groove is precisely this distance; in the case of an incision, this distance is appropriate to allow the at least partial contact of the opposite walls delimiting said incision at least during the passage in the contact with the roadway. In the case of a groove, the walls of this groove can not come into contact with one another under the usual conditions of rolling.
    For the purposes of the invention, a longitudinal orientation cutout is a cutout whose average plane of at least a portion of the walls of said cutout forms an angle with a longitudinal plane less than 10 °. This angle formed with a longitudinal plane may be oriented in one direction or the other with respect to said longitudinal plane. A longitudinally oriented cutout may also be a cutout whose walls undulate or zigzag around a mean plane as just described.
    In the sense of the invention, the depth of a cut is the radial distance measured on a new tire between the surface of the tread and the radially innermost point of said cutout.
    For the purposes of the invention, the thickness of the tread, measured in a radial section of the tire, is the distance measured on a new tire between a point on the surface of the tread and the orthogonal projection of said point. on the radially outer surface of the crown reinforcement.
    The width between the walls of a cutout is measured on a new tire, in a section plane perpendicular to the mean plane of the walls and to the plane tangent to the surface of the tread, at the surface of the tread between the ends of said walls. The width between the walls of a cutout is measured on a new tire at the bottom of the said at least one cutout between two points respectively belonging to each of the walls in a direction parallel to that defined by the measurement of the said width at the surface of the strip. in the cutting plane defined for the measurement of said width of the surface of the tread.
    For the purposes of the invention, a measurement at the bottom of a cutout corresponds to the largest measurement in the radially inner portion of the cutout and more precisely to the largest measurement made in an area comprised radially between the cutout. radially innermost point of said cutout and a point located at a distance from the surface of the tread equal to 25% of the depth of said cutout.
    The central portion of the tread extending at least in the region of the equatorial plane advantageously has according to the invention an axial width at least as great as that of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements.
    The loss factor tan (δ) is a dynamic property of the layer of rubber mixture. It is measured on a viscoanalyzer (Metravib VA4000), according to ASTM D 5992-96. The response of a sample of vulcanized composition (cylindrical specimen 2 mm thick and 78 mm 2 in section), subjected to sinusoidal stress in alternating simple shear, at the frequency of 10 Hz, at a temperature of 60 °, is recorded. vs. A strain amplitude sweep of 0.1 to 50% (forward cycle) and then 50% to 1% (return cycle) are performed. The results used are the complex dynamic shear modulus (G *) and the loss factor tan (δ) measured on the return cycle. For the return cycle, the maximum value of tan (δ) observed, denoted tan (δ) max, is indicated.
    The rolling resistance is the resistance that appears when the tire rolls. It is represented by the hysteretic losses related to the deformation of the tire during a revolution. The frequency values related to the revolution of the tire correspond to values of tan (δ) measured between 30 and 100 ° C. The value of tan (δ) at 100 ° C thus corresponds to an indicator of the rolling resistance of the rolling tire.
    It is still possible to estimate the rolling resistance by measuring energy losses by rebound energy samples imposed at temperatures of 60 ° C and expressed as a percentage.
    Advantageously according to the invention, the loss at 60 ° C, denoted P60, of said at least one calender layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 20%.
    The layer C rubbery mixture provides a decoupling said working crown layers to distribute the shear stresses on a greater thickness.
    Within the meaning of the invention, the coupled layers are layers whose respective reinforcing elements are radially separated by at most 1.5 mm, said rubber thickness being measured radially between the respectively upper and lower generatrices of said elements of enhancement.
    The tests carried out have shown that the use of mixtures constituting the layer C whose elastic modulus is greater than 9 MPa and whose tan (δ) max value is less than 0.100 makes it possible to improve the properties of the tire. in rolling resistance by maintaining satisfactory endurance properties.
    The most common tire designs provide for layers of rubber mix disposed between the ends of the working crown layers with tensile modulus of elasticity at substantially equal 10% elongation but with maximum values of tan (δ). ), noted tan (ô) max, greater than 0.120. Such more usual mixtures for this type of layers lead to better cohesion.
    For the purposes of the invention, a cohesive rubbery mixture is a rubbery mixture particularly resistant to cracking. The cohesion of a mixture is thus evaluated by a fatigue cracking test performed on a specimen "PS" (pure shear). It consists in determining, after notching the specimen, the crack propagation rate "Vp" (nm / cycle) as a function of the energy release rate "E" (J / m2). The experimental area covered by the measurement is in the range -20 ° C and + 150 ° C in temperature, with an air or nitrogen atmosphere. The biasing of the specimen is a dynamic displacement imposed amplitude ranging between 0.1mm and 10mm in the form of impulse-type stress (tangential "haversine" signal) with a rest time equal to the duration of the pulse; the frequency of the signal is of the order of 10 Hz on average.
    The measurement comprises 3 parts: • An accommodation of the specimen "PS", from 1000 cycles to 27% deformation. • an energetic characterization to determine the law "E" = f (deformation). The energy release rate "E" is equal to W0 * h0, with W0 = energy supplied to the material per cycle and per unit volume and hO = initial height of the test piece. The exploitation of acquisitions "force / displacement" thus gives the relation between "E" and the amplitude of the solicitation.
    The cracking measurement, after notching of the test piece "PS". The information collected leads to determining the propagation velocity of the crack "Vp" as a function of the imposed stress level "E".
    The tests carried out have also shown that the tires according to the invention have wear performance and in particular good wear regularity regardless of the conditions of use of the tires.
    The inventors have indeed been able to highlight that longitudinally oriented cutouts whose depth is greater than 40% of the thickness of the tread and whose ratio of the width measured at the bottom of said orientation cutouts. longitudinal dimension of the width measured at the surface of the tread of said longitudinally oriented cuts is greater than 2 associated with a layer C of rubbery mixture disposed between at least the ends of said at least two working crown layers whose modulus of tensile elasticity at 10% elongation is greater than 9 MPa and whose maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, is less than 0.100 lead to a local deformation of the crown reinforcement at the manufacture of the tire and in particular during the cooking thereof. The inventors believe to interpret this deformation of the crown reinforcement due to creep of uncontrolled elastomeric materials at said cutouts during molding and firing of said tire. This would probably result in a deformation in the radial direction of the constituent layers of the crown reinforcement located near said cutouts. These deformations could lead during the use of the tires to an alteration of the performance of the tire in terms of wear and in particular regularity of wear, the thickness of the mixture to be used is not regular in the transverse direction of the tire. The additional presence of the layers C of rubber mixture disposed between at least the ends of said at least two working crown layers whose tensile modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation is greater than 9 MPa and whose maximum value of tan (δ), noted tan (δ) max, is less than 0.100 does not seem favorable to a better control of the creep of the elastomeric materials; on the contrary, the presence of such layers C seems to favor this phenomenon of deformation of the crown reinforcement during the manufacture of the tire and in particular during the cooking thereof, in particular for the deformations related to the cuts closest to said layers C.
    The presence of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements according to the invention makes it possible to limit or even prevent these phenomena of irregular wear in the transverse direction.
    The inventors think to interpret the results obtained with the tires according to the invention by the presence of a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements which seems to be able to reduce or avoid said local deformations of the crown reinforcement when cooking. pneumatic tires with longitudinally oriented cut-outs the depth of which is greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the tread and the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of the longitudinally oriented cut-outs to the width measured at the surface of the tread; tread longitudinally oriented cuts is greater than 2 associated with a layer C of rubber mixture disposed between at least the ends of said at least two working crown layers whose modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation is greater than 9 MPa and whose maximum value of tan (ô), denoted tan (ô) max, is lower than re at 0.100.
    Very surprisingly, the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements, which is usually present to limit shearing effects between the working crown layers, seems to allow a better control of the displacements of the mixtures forming the tread during the firing of a tire, which comprises longitudinally oriented cuts having a depth greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the rolling strip and the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of the orientation cutouts lengthwise of the width measured at the surface of the tread of the longitudinally oriented cuts is greater than 2 associated with a layer C of rubbery mixture disposed between at least the ends of the at least two working crown layers whose modulus of tensile elasticity at 10% elongation is greater than 9 MPa and the maximum value of tan (δ ), noted tan (δ) max, is less than 0.100.
    Furthermore, the inventors have demonstrated that the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements allows the choice of rubbery mixtures of the layer C having a less favorable cohesion without affecting the endurance properties of the tire.
    The inventors have in particular demonstrated that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements contributes to a lesser evolution of the cohesion of the layer C. In fact, the more usual tire designs comprising in particular layers of rubber mixture disposed between the ends of the working crown layers with values of tan (δ) max greater than 0.120 lead to a change in the cohesion of said rubbery mixture layers disposed between the ends of the working crown layers; it tends to weaken. The inventors find that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements which limits the shear stresses between the ends of the working crown layers and furthermore limits the temperature increases leads to a slight change in the cohesion The inventors thus consider that the cohesion of the layer C, which is smaller than that which exists in the more usual tire designs, is satisfactory in the design of the tire according to the invention.
    The inventors have thus been able to demonstrate that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements makes it possible to maintain performance, particularly in terms of endurance and in terms of satisfactory wear in the presence of the combination of longitudinal orientation cuts having a depth greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the tread and the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of the longitudinally oriented cuts to the width measured at the surface of the tread longitudinal orientation cuts is greater than 2 and a modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation of the layers C greater than 9 MPa and a value of tan (ô) max of the layers C less than 0.100 .
    According to a preferred variant of the invention, the cutout has a ratio of the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout to the width of said at least one longitudinal orientation cut measured on the surface. tread on new tire greater than 2 over its entire length.
    According to another variant of the invention, this condition on the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinal orientation cut along the width of the said at least one longitudinal orientation cut measured on the surface. tire tread greater than 2 may be checked only for a part of the length of the cut.
    According to still other variants of the invention, this condition on the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cut-out on the width of the said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout measured. at the surface of the new tire tread greater than 2 may be checked intermittently along the length of the cut.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout is strictly greater than 3 mm.
    More preferably, the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout is less than 10 mm.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the layer C of rubber mixture is an elastomeric mixture based on natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene predominantly with cis-1,4 linkages and optionally at least one another diene elastomer, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene in the case of cutting being present at a majority rate with respect to the rate of the other diene elastomer or diene elastomers used and a reinforcing filler consisting of: BET surface area carbon of less than 60 m 2 / g, irrespective of its structural index, employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, or with a silica-type white filler and / or alumina comprising SiOH and / or AlOH surface functional groups chosen from the group formed by precipitated or pyrogenic silicas, aluminas or aluminosilicates or even blacks of modified carbon in process or after the synthesis of BET specific surface area between 30 and 260 m 2 / g employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, c) by a carbon black cutting described in (a) and a white charge described in (b), wherein the overall charge rate is between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr.
    The BET surface area measurement is carried out according to the method of BRUNAUER, EMMET and TELLER described in "The Journal of the American Chemical Society", vol. 60, page 309, February 1938, corresponding to standard NFT 45007 of November 1987.
    In the case of using clear charge or white charge, it is necessary to use a coupling agent and / or covering selected from agents known to those skilled in the art. Examples of preferential coupling agents that may be mentioned are sulphurised alkoxysilanes of the bis (3-trialkoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide type, and of these, in particular, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide marketed by DEGUSSA under the Si69 denominations for pure liquid product and X50S for solid product (50/50 by weight blend with N330 black). Examples of coating agents that may be mentioned include a fatty alcohol, an alkylalkoxysilane such as hexadecyltrimethoxy or triethoxysilane respectively marketed by DEGUSSA under the names Sil16 and Si216, diphenylguanidine, a polyethylene glycol, a silicone oil optionally modified with OH or alkoxy functions. The covering agent and / or coupling agent is used in a weight ratio relative to the filler> at 1/100 and <at 20/100, and preferably between 2/100 and 15/100 when the clear filler represents the all of the reinforcing filler and between 1/100 and 20/100 when the reinforcing filler is constituted by a carbon black and clear charge cutting.
    Other examples of reinforcing fillers having the morphology and SiOH and / or AlOH surface functions of the silica and / or alumina type materials previously described and which can be used according to the invention as partial or total replacement thereof , the modified carbon blacks may be mentioned either during the synthesis by addition to the furnace feed oil of a silicon and / or aluminum compound or after the synthesis by adding, to an aqueous suspension of carbon black in a solution of silicate and / or sodium aluminate, an acid so as to at least partially cover the surface of the carbon black of SiOH and / or AlOH functions. As non-limiting examples of this type of carbonaceous feedstock with SiOH and / or AlOH functions at the surface, mention may be made of the CSDP type feeds described in Conference No. 24 of the ACS Meeting, Rubber Division, Anaheim, California, May 6-9. 1997 as well as those of the patent application EP-A-0 799 854.
    When a clear filler is used as the sole reinforcing filler, the hysteresis and cohesion properties are obtained by using a precipitated or pyrogenated silica, or a precipitated alumina or even a BET surface area aluminosilicate of between 30.degree. and 260 m2 / g. As non-limiting examples of this type of filler, mention may be made of the silicas KS404 from Akzo, Ultrasil VN2 or VN3 and BV3370GR from Degussa, Zeopol 8745 from Huber, Zeosil 175MP or Zeosil 1165MP from Rhodia, HI -SIL 2000 of the PPG Company etc ...
    Among the diene elastomers that can be used in a blend with natural rubber or a synthetic polyisoprene with a majority of cis-1,4 linkages, mention may be made of a polybutadiene (BR), preferably with a majority of cis-1 linkages, 4, a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) solution or emulsion, a butadiene-isoprene copolymer (BIR) or even a styrene-butadiene-isoprene terpolymer (SBIR). These elastomers may be modified elastomers during polymerization or after polymerization by means of branching agents such as divinylbenzene or starch agents such as carbonates, halogenotins, halosilicons or else by means of functionalization leading to grafting on the chain or at the end of the chain of oxygen functions carbonyl, carboxyl or an amine function such as for example by the action of dimethyl or diethylamino benzophenone. In the case of blends of natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene with a majority of cis-1,4 linkages with one or more of the diene elastomers mentioned above, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene is preferably used at a majority rate. and more preferably at a rate greater than 70 phr.
    The choice of the reinforcing filler involved in the rubbery mixture constituting the layer C contributes both to obtaining elastic modulus values under tension at 10% elongation and to obtaining the values of tan. (O) max. However, within the aforementioned ranges of values for said reinforcing fillers, those skilled in the art will still be able to adapt the quantities of other usual constituents, such as vulcanizing agents or cobalt derivatives, or to adapt the mixing processes to obtain the above modulus of elasticity and tan (δ) max values.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the distance d between the end of the axially narrow working layer and the working layer separated from the axially narrow working layer by the mixing layer C the rubbery material is such that l.lo <d <2.2o, where 0 is the diameter of the reinforcing elements of the at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements and, in a meridian plane, the thickness of the layer C of rubber mix being substantially constant over the axial width between the axially inner end of the layer C and the end of the axially narrowest working layer.
    Within the meaning of the invention, the distance d is measured in a meridian plane of cable to cable, that is to say between the cable of a first working layer and the cable of a second layer of working in a direction substantially perpendicular to the surfaces of the layer C. In other words, this distance d includes the thickness of the first layer C and the respective thicknesses of the calendering rubber mixes, radially external to the cables of the layer of working radially inner and radially inner to the cables of the radially outer working layer.
    For the purposes of the invention, the thickness of the layer C of rubber mixture is measured between the two surfaces of said layer C according to the orthogonal projection of a point of a surface on the other surface.
    Within the meaning of the invention, the thickness of the layer C rubbery mixture is substantially constant means that it does not vary more than 0.3 mm. These variations in thickness are due to creep phenomena during the manufacture and baking of the tire. The layer C in semi-finished form, that is to say as elements ready to be used for producing a tire, thus advantageously has a constant thickness.
    The various thickness measurements are made on a cross section of a tire, the tire is therefore in a non-inflated state.
    The most common tire designs, provide layers of rubber mixture disposed between the ends of the working crown layers with greater thicknesses especially at the end of the narrowest working layer and with a profile of inhomogeneous thickness when it is seen according to a meridian section of the tire to allow such a thickness and to avoid too much disturbing the environment of the end of the narrowest working layer. As explained above, the presence of this layer of rubber mix makes it possible in particular to limit the shear stresses between the ends of the working crown layers, the circumferential stiffnesses of said working crown layers being zero at their end. The distance between the end of the axially narrowest working layer and the working layer separated from the axially narrowest working layer by the layer of rubber mix, measured according to the definition of d above, is usually greater than 3.3 mm. This corresponds to a thickness of the layer of rubber compound of at least 2.5 mm while, generally, its thickness tends at each of its ends to a value less than 0.5 mm.
    The inventors have demonstrated that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements makes it possible to maintain satisfactory performance, particularly in terms of endurance, with a layer C of rubber mix of substantially constant thickness over the axial width between the axially inner end of the layer C and the end of the axially narrow working layer and such that the distance d is between l.lo and 2.2o. It seems indeed that the presence of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements contributes sufficiently to the recovery of at least a portion of the circumferential tension, especially during the passage in the contact area to reduce the shear stresses between the ends of the working top layers.
    The geometry of the rubber compound layer C according to the invention seems, moreover, to be in the direction of a better control of the creep of the mixtures during the manufacture of the tire and in particular the cooking thereof. .
    Furthermore, the layer C of rubber mix is thus advantageously in the semi-finished state in the form of a layer of constant thickness which is simple to manufacture and furthermore which can be stored simply. Indeed, the layers usually used as described above which have a cross section with thickness variations are on the one hand more difficult to achieve and on the other hand more difficult to store. Indeed, variations in thickness create storage problems, these semi-finished being most often stored as coil winding. The layer C according to the invention is in the state of semi-finished product with a section having a substantially flat profile compared to the layers usually used which are in the semi-finished product state with a section having a profile substantially round.
    The manufacture and storage of the layer of rubber mixture according to the invention in the form of semi-finished being so simplified, it may result in lower costs for the manufacture of the tire.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the axially widest working crown layer is radially inside the other working crown layers.
    More preferably, the axial width D of the layer of rubber mix C between the axially innermost end of said layer of rubber mix C and the end of the working crown layer axially the less wide is such that: 3. <]) 2 <D <25.Φ2 with φ2, diameter of the reinforcing elements of the axially least wide working crown layer. Such a relationship defines a zone of engagement between the layer of rubbery mixture C and the axially-smaller working crown layer. Such an engagement below a value equal to three times the diameter of the reinforcing elements of the axially smaller working layer may not be sufficient to obtain a decoupling of the working crown layer, in particular to obtain attenuation of the stresses. at the end of the axially lower working crown layer. A value of this engagement greater than twenty times the diameter of the reinforcing elements of the axially narrower working layer can lead to an excessive reduction in the drift stiffness of the crown reinforcement of the tire.
    Preferably, the axial width D of the layer of rubber mix C between the axially innermost end of said layer of rubber mix C and the end of the axially lower working crown layer. wide is greater than 5 mm.
    According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation of at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is greater than 9 MPa and the maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, of said at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 0.100.
    [0080] Usually, the calendering layers of the working crown layers have tensile modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation substantially equivalent to those of said at least one calendering layer of at least one crown layer. according to the invention but have maximum values of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, greater than 0.120. Such more usual mixtures for this type of layers lead to better cohesion.
    As in the case of the layer C, the inventors have been able to demonstrate that the cohesion of the calendering layers of the working crown layers, when they have a modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation. greater than 9 MPa and a value of tan (δ) max less than 0.100 remains satisfactory.
    The inventors have further demonstrated that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements contributes to a lower evolution of the cohesion of the calendering layers of the working crown layers. Indeed, the inventors have found that the presence of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements which contributes to limiting the compression of the reinforcement elements of the working crown layers, especially when the vehicle follows a sinuous course and in Moreover, it limits the temperature increases and thus leads to a slight change in the cohesion of the layers of calendering. The inventors thus consider that the cohesion of the caliper layers of the working crown layers, which is lower than that which exists in the more usual tire designs, is satisfactory in the design of the tire according to the invention.
    The inventors have thus been able to demonstrate that the circumferential reinforcement element layer allows the choice of rubber mixes of the calendering layers of the working crown layers having a less favorable cohesion without adversely affecting the endurance properties of the tire. .
    As in the case of the layer of rubber mix C, the use of at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer whose modulus of elasticity is greater than or equal to 9 MPa and whose tan (δ) max value is less than 0.100 will make it possible to improve the properties of the tire in terms of rolling resistance by maintaining satisfactory endurance properties.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is an elastomeric mixture based on natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene with a majority of cis-chains. -1,4 and possibly at least one other diene elastomer, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene in case of cutting being present at a majority rate with respect to the rate of the other diene elastomer or diene elastomers used and a reinforcing filler consisting of: a) carbon black with a BET specific surface area of less than 60 m 2 / g, irrespective of its structural index, employed at a rate of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr; or b) with a white filler of silica and / or alumina type comprising SiOH and / or AlOH surface functional groups chosen from the group formed by precipitated or pyrogenic silicas, aluminas or aluminum oxide. aluminosilicates or even modified carbon blacks in progress or after the BET surface area synthesis of between 30 and 260 m 2 / g employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, c) either by a carbon black cutting described in (a) and a white filler described in (b), wherein the overall filler rate is between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr.
    In the case of using clear charge or white charge, it is necessary to use a coupling agent and / or covering selected from agents known to those skilled in the art. Examples of preferential coupling agents that may be mentioned are sulphurised alkoxysilanes of the bis (3-trialkoxysilylpropyl) polysulfide type, and among these, in particular, bis (3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide marketed by DEGUS SA under denominations Si69 for the pure liquid product and X50S for the solid product (50/50 by weight blend with N330 black). Examples of coating agents that may be mentioned include a fatty alcohol, an alkylalkoxysilane such as hexadecyltrimethoxy or triethoxysilane respectively marketed by DEGUSSA under the names Sil16 and Si216, diphenylguanidine, a polyethylene glycol, a silicone oil optionally modified with OH or alkoxy functions. The covering agent and / or coupling agent is used in a weight ratio relative to the filler> at 1/100 and <at 20/100, and preferably between 2/100 and 15/100 when the clear filler represents the all of the reinforcing filler and between 1/100 and 20/100 when the reinforcing filler is constituted by a carbon black and clear charge cutting.
    Other examples of reinforcing fillers having the morphology and the SiOH and / or AlOH surface functions of the silica and / or alumina type materials previously described and which can be used according to the invention as partial or total replacement thereof. , the modified carbon blacks may be mentioned either during the synthesis by addition to the furnace feed oil of a silicon and / or aluminum compound or after the synthesis by adding, to an aqueous suspension of carbon black in a solution of silicate and / or sodium aluminate, an acid so as to at least partially cover the surface of the carbon black of SiOH and / or AlOH functions. As non-limiting examples of this type of carbonaceous feedstock with SiOH and / or AlOH functions at the surface, mention may be made of the CSDP type feeds described in Conference No. 24 of the ACS Meeting, Rubber Division, Anaheim, California, May 6-9. 1997 as well as those of the patent application EP-A-0 799 854.
    When a clear filler is used as the only reinforcing filler, the hysteresis and cohesion properties are obtained by using a precipitated or pyrogenic silica, or a precipitated alumina or even a BET surface area aluminosilicate of between 30 and 30%. and 260 m2 / g. As non-limiting examples of this type of filler, mention may be made of the silicas KS404 from Akzo, Ultrasil VN2 or VN3 and BV3370GR from Degussa, Zeopol 8745 from Huber, Zeosil 175MP or Zeosil 1165MP from Rhodia, HI -SIL 2000 of the PPG Company etc ...
    Among the diene elastomers that can be used in a blend with natural rubber or a synthetic polyisoprene with a majority of cis-1,4 linkages, mention may be made of a polybutadiene (BR), preferably with a majority of cis-1 linkages, 4, a styrene-butadiene copolymer (SBR) solution or emulsion, a butadiene-isoprene copolymer (BIR) or even a styrene-butadiene-isoprene terpolymer (SBIR). These elastomers may be modified elastomers during polymerization or after polymerization by means of branching agents such as divinylbenzene or starch agents such as carbonates, halogenotins, halosilicons or else by means of functionalization leading to grafting on the chain or at the end of the chain of oxygen functions carbonyl, carboxyl or an amine function such as for example by the action of dimethyl or diethylamino benzophenone. In the case of blends of natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene with a majority of cis-1,4 linkages with one or more of the diene elastomers mentioned above, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene is preferably used at a majority rate. and more preferably at a rate greater than 70 phr.
    As in the case of the layer C, the choice of the reinforcing filler involved in the rubber mixture constituting said at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer contributes both to obtaining the tensile modulus values at 10% elongation and tan (δ) max values. However, within the aforementioned ranges of values for said reinforcing fillers, those skilled in the art will still be able to adapt the quantities of other usual constituents, such as vulcanizing agents or cobalt derivatives, or to adapt the mixing processes to obtain the above modulus of elasticity and tan (δ) max values.
    Advantageously again according to the invention, the difference between the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation of the layer C and the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation of said at least one layer of calendering at least one working crown layer is less than 2 MPa.
    According to a first embodiment, the modulus of elasticity of the calendering of at least the narrowest working crown layer is greater than that of said layer of rubber mix C so that the stack of said layers has a elastic modulus gradient favorable to the fight against the crack initiation at the end of the narrower working crown layer.
    According to a second embodiment, the elasticity moduli of the calendering of the working crown layers and that of said layer of rubber mix C are identical and advantageously the rubber compounds are the same to simplify the industrial conditions of manufacture of the tire.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements has an axial width greater than 0.5xW.
    W is the maximum axial width of the tire, when the latter is mounted on its service rim and inflated to its recommended pressure.
    The axial widths of the layers of reinforcing elements are measured on a cross section of a tire, the tire therefore being in a non-inflated state.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, at least two working crown layers have different axial widths, the difference between the axial width of the axially widest working crown layer and the axial width of the layer. axially the least wide axially working vertex being between 10 and 30 mm.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements is radially arranged between two working crown layers.
    According to this embodiment of the invention, the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements makes it possible to limit more significantly the compression set of the reinforcement elements of the carcass reinforcement than a similar layer set up. radially outside the working layers. It is preferably radially separated from the carcass reinforcement by at least one working layer so as to limit the stresses of said reinforcing elements and do not strain them too much.
    Advantageously again according to the invention, the axial widths of the working crown layers radially adjacent to the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are greater than the axial width of said layer of circumferential reinforcing elements and preferably, said working crown layers adjacent to the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are on either side of the equatorial plane and in the immediate axial extension of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements coupled over an axial width, to be subsequently decoupled by a layer C of rubber mixture at least over the remainder of the width common to said two working layers.
    The presence of such couplings between the working crown layers adjacent to the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements makes it possible to reduce tension stresses acting on the axially outermost circumferential elements and located closest to the circumferential reinforcing layer. coupling.
    According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing elements of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are metal reinforcing elements having a secant modulus at 0.7% elongation between 10 and 120 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus less than 150 GPa.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the secant modulus of the reinforcing elements at 0.7% elongation is less than 100 GPa and greater than 20 GPa, preferably between 30 and 90 GPa and more preferably less than 80 GPa. .
    [00104] Also preferably, the maximum tangent modulus of the reinforcing elements is less than 130 GPa and more preferably less than 120 GPa.
    The modules expressed above are measured on a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 20 MPa reduced to the metal section of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured voltage brought back to the metal section of the reinforcing element.
    The modules of the same reinforcing elements can be measured on a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 10 MPa reduced to the overall section of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured voltage brought back to the overall section of the reinforcing element. The overall section of the reinforcing element is the section of a composite element made of metal and rubber, the latter having in particular penetrated the reinforcing element during the baking phase of the tire.
    According to this formulation relating to the overall section of the reinforcing element, the reinforcing elements of the axially outer portions and of the central portion of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are metal reinforcing elements exhibiting a secant modulus at 0.7% elongation between 5 and 60 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus of less than 75 GPa.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the secant modulus of the reinforcing elements at 0.7% elongation is less than 50 Gpa and greater than 10 GPa, preferably between 15 and 45 GPa and more preferably less than 40 GPa. .
    Also preferably, the maximum tangent modulus of the reinforcing elements is less than 65 GPa and more preferably less than 60 GPa.
    According to a preferred embodiment, the reinforcing elements of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are metal reinforcing elements having a tensile stress curve as a function of the relative elongation having slight slopes to the low elongations and a substantially constant and strong slope for the higher elongations. Such reinforcing elements of the additional ply are usually referred to as "bi-module" elements.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the substantially constant and strong slope appears from a relative elongation of between 0.1% and 0.5%.
    The various characteristics of the reinforcing elements stated above are measured on reinforcing elements taken from tires.
    Reinforcing elements that are more particularly suitable for producing at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements according to the invention are, for example, assemblies of formula 21.23, whose construction is 3x (0.26 + 6x0.23). 4.4 / 6.6 SS; this strand cable consists of 21 elementary wires of formula 3 x (1 + 6), with 3 twisted strands each consisting of 7 wires, a wire forming a central core of diameter equal to 26/100 mm and 6 coiled wires of diameter equal to 23/100 mm. Such a cable has a secant module at 0.7% equal to 45 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus equal to 98 GPa, measured on a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 20 MPa brought back to the section. of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured voltage brought back to the metal section of the reinforcing element. On a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 10 MPa brought back to the overall section of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured tension brought back to the overall section of the element of reinforcement, this cable of formula 21.23 has a secant module at 0.7% equal to 23 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus equal to 49 GPa.
    In the same way, another example of reinforcement elements is an assembly of formula 21.28, whose construction is 3x (0.32 + 6x0.28) 6.2 / 9.3 SS. This cable has a secant module at 0.7% equal to 56 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus equal to 102 GPa, measured on a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 20 MPa brought to the cross section. metal of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured voltage brought back to the metal section of the reinforcing element. On a tensile stress curve as a function of the elongation determined with a preload of 10 MPa brought back to the overall section of the reinforcing element, the tensile stress corresponding to a measured tension brought back to the overall section of the element of reinforcement, this cable of formula 21.28 has a secant module at 0.7% equal to 27 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus equal to 49 GPa.
    The use of such reinforcing elements in at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements makes it possible in particular to maintain the rigidity of the satisfactory layer, including after the shaping and baking steps in usual manufacturing processes.
    According to a second embodiment of the invention, the circumferential reinforcing elements may be formed of inextensible metal elements and cut so as to form sections of length much shorter than the circumference of the least long layer, but preferably greater than 0.1 times said circumference, the cuts between sections being axially offset with respect to each other. More preferably, the tensile modulus of elasticity per unit width of the additional layer is less than the tensile modulus of elasticity, measured under the same conditions, of the most extensible working crown layer. Such an embodiment makes it possible to confer, in a simple manner, on the layer of circumferential reinforcement elements a module which can easily be adjusted (by the choice of intervals between sections of the same row), but in all cases weaker. the module of the layer consisting of the same metallic elements but continuous, the module of the additional layer being measured on a vulcanized layer of cut elements, taken from the tire.
    According to a third embodiment of the invention, the circumferential reinforcing elements are corrugated metal elements, the ratio a / λ of the waviness amplitude over the wavelength being at most equal to 0, 09. Preferably, the tensile modulus of elasticity per unit width of the additional layer is smaller than the tensile modulus of elasticity, measured under the same conditions, of the most extensible working crown layer.
    The metal elements are preferably steel cables.
    According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the reinforcing elements of the working crown layers are inextensible metal cables.
    Advantageously according to the invention, the crown reinforcement is formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements, crossed from one layer to the other, making angles with the circumferential direction between 10 ° and 45 °.
    The invention further advantageously provides for decreasing the voltage stresses acting on the axially outermost circumferential members that the angle formed with the circumferential direction by the reinforcing elements of the working crown layers is less than 30. ° and preferably less than 25 °.
    According to another advantageous variant of the invention, the working crown layers comprise reinforcing elements, crossed from one sheet to another, making with the circumferential direction variable angles in the axial direction, said angles being higher on the axially outer edges of the reinforcing element layers with respect to the angles of said elements measured at the circumferential mid-plane. Such an embodiment of the invention makes it possible to increase the circumferential rigidity in certain zones and, conversely, to reduce it in others, in particular to reduce the compression of the carcass reinforcement.
    A preferred embodiment of the invention further provides that the crown reinforcement is completed radially on the outside by at least one additional layer, so-called protective, of so-called elastic reinforcing elements, oriented relative to the direction circumferential with an angle between 10 ° and 45 ° and in the same direction as the angle formed by the inextensible elements of the working layer which is radially adjacent thereto.
    The protective layer may have an axial width smaller than the axial width of the least wide working layer. Said protective layer may also have an axial width greater than the axial width of the narrower working layer, such that it covers the edges of the narrower working layer and, in the case of the radially upper layer, being the smallest, as coupled, in the axial extension of the additional reinforcement, with the widest working crown layer over an axial width, to be subsequently, axially outside, decoupled from said widest working layer with profiles at least 2 mm thick. The protective layer formed of elastic reinforcing elements may, in the case mentioned above, be on the one hand optionally decoupled from the edges of said least-extensive working layer by profiles of thickness substantially less than the thickness profiles separating the edges of the two working layers, and have on the other hand an axial width less than or greater than the axial width of the widest vertex layer.
    According to any one of the embodiments of the invention mentioned above, the crown reinforcement may be further completed, radially inwardly between the carcass reinforcement and the nearest radially inner working layer. of said carcass reinforcement, by a triangulation layer of steel non-extensible reinforcing elements making, with the circumferential direction, an angle greater than 45 ° and in the same direction as that of the angle formed by the reinforcing elements of the layer radially closest to the carcass reinforcement.
    Other details and advantageous features of the invention will emerge below from the description of the exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 which represent: FIG. 1, a meridian view of a diagram of a tire according to the invention, - Figure 2, a projection view of a diagram of a portion of the surface of a tread of a tire according to the invention, - Figure 3, a view of section along the cutting plane P of a cutout according to one embodiment of the invention.
    The figures are not shown in scale to simplify understanding. FIG. 1 represents only a half-view of a tire which extends symmetrically with respect to XX ', which represents the circumferential median plane, or equatorial plane, of a tire.
    In FIG. 1, the tire 1, of dimension 315/70 R 22.5, has an aspect ratio H / S equal to 0.70, H being the height of the tire 1 on its mounting rim and S its width. axial axis. Said tire 1 comprises a radial carcass reinforcement 2 anchored in two beads, not shown in the figure. The carcass reinforcement is formed of a single layer of metal cables. This carcass reinforcement 2 is fretted by a crown reinforcement 4, formed radially from the inside to the outside: of a first working layer 41 formed of non-shrunk, inextensible, unsheathed wire ropes, which are continuous over the entire width of the web, oriented at an angle equal to 24 °, - a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements 42 formed of 21x23 steel cables, of "bi-module" type, - a second working layer 43 formed of inextensible metal cables 9.28 not wrapped, continuous over the entire width of the web, oriented at an angle equal to 24 ° and crossed with the metal cables of the layer 41, a protective layer 44 formed of elastic metal cables 6.35 .
    The crown reinforcement is itself capped with a tread 6.
    [00130] The maximum axial width W of the tire is equal to 317 mm.
    The axial width L41 of the first working layer 41 is equal to 252 mm.
    The axial width L43 of the second working layer 43 is equal to 232 mm.
    As for the axial width L42 of the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements 42, it is equal to 194 mm.
    The last crown ply 44, called the protection ply, has a width L44 equal to 124 mm. According to the invention, a layer of rubbery mixture C decouples the ends of the working crown layers 41 and 43. [00134] .
    The zone of engagement of the layer C between the two working crown layers 41 and 43 is defined by its thickness or more precisely the radial distance d between the end of the layer 43 and the layer 41 and by the axial width D of the layer C between the axially inner end of said layer C and the end of the radially outer working crown layer 43. The radial distance d is equal to 3.5 mm, ie approximately 2.1 times the diameter Φ2 of the reinforcing elements of the working crown layer 43, the diameter φ2 being equal to 1.65 mm. The axial distance D is equal to 20 mm, ie approximately 12 times the diameter φ2 of the reinforcement elements of the working crown layer 43.
    [00137] FIG. 2 illustrates a projection view of a diagram of a portion of the surface 6 of a tread 5 of a tire 1. The surface 6 of the tread 5 is formed of longitudinal cutouts 7 and 8, and transverse cuts 9 and 10. The longitudinal cutouts 7 and transverse 9 are grooves and the longitudinal cutouts 8 and transverse 10 are incisions. All these cutouts 7, 8, 9 and 10 form the elements of sculptures 11 constituting the tread 5.
    In Figure 3, is shown schematically a longitudinal cutout 8 in section along the section plane P. This section plane P is perpendicular to the mean plane of the walls and the tangent plane to the surface 6 of the tread 5 The width Df of the cutout 8 at the bottom of the cutout is equal to 6 mm. The width ds of the longitudinal cutout 8 at the surface of the tread 5 is measured between the ends 12 and 13 of said longitudinal cutout 8 at the surface 6 of the tread 5. It is equal to 0.7 mm. The ratio Df / ds is equal to 8.57.
    In the case of Figure 3, the cutout 8 forms an incision on the surface of the tread which according to the definition given above has a width of less than 2 mm. After wear of the tread, the recess concealed beneath said incision reveals a groove. As explained above, when the tire is new, the incision makes it possible to form ridges while maintaining a rigidity of the tread, the walls coming into contact with each other at the time of contact with the ground. After wear, when the hidden hollow appears it forms a groove and therefore edges, the loss of rigidity being limited due to the depth of the less important cut in the tread.
    [00140] Tests were carried out with different tires made according to the invention and compared with reference tires.
    In particular, tests are carried out by varying the characteristics of the mixtures of the layer C, in particular the value tan (δ) max.
    The various mixtures used are listed below.
    The tires I according to the invention are made according to FIGS. 1 to 3 and they have layers C which consist of the mixture 1.
    [00144] The first reference tires Ti are produced according to FIGS. 2-3, they have layers C which consist of the mixture 1 and their vertex architecture differs in that the crown reinforcement does not comprise a layer of elements of circumferential reinforcement.
    T2 reference second tires are made according to Figures 1-3 and they have layers C which consist of the mixture RI.
    [00146] The first tests consisted of rollings simulating an average use of the tires when they equip vehicles of the type Trucks. The purpose of these tests is to check the condition of the tires during taxiing and to identify any problems of wear irregularities of the tread.
    During taxiing, the reference tires Ti show wear irregularities in the circumferential direction. Such wear irregularities can in certain conditions have negative effects on the adhesion properties of the tire because the surface of the contact area may be modified. In addition, the appearance of such irregularities of wear leads to an increase in the wear speed of the tires and therefore a shorter duration of use than expected.
    As regards the tires according to the invention and the reference tires T2, the tests show that such wear irregularities appear later and in a much less pronounced manner, so that the adhesion properties are practically unaffected. whatever the driving conditions.
    Second tests corresponding to endurance tests were performed on a test machine imposing on each tire a straight line rolling at a speed equal to the maximum speed index prescribed for said tire (speed index) under an initial load of 4000 Kg gradually increased to reduce the duration of the test.
    [00150] It turns out that all the tires tested shows substantially comparable results.
    A third type of tests also corresponding to endurance tests were performed on a test machine imposing cyclically a transverse force and a dynamic overload to the tires. The tests were carried out for the tires according to the invention with conditions identical to those applied to the reference tires.
    The distances traveled vary from one type of tire to another, the lapses appearing due to a degradation of the rubber compounds at the ends of the working layers. The results are expressed in the following table with reference to a base 100 fixed for the reference tire T |.
    These tests show in particular that the design of the tires according to the invention allows the use of mixtures of the layer C having a less favorable cohesion without affecting the endurance performance when a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements is present. .
    In addition, rolling resistance measurements have been made. These measurements relate to the reference tire T2 as described above, and to tires according to the invention I as described above, the mixture 1 being used for the layer C.
    The results of the measurements are presented in the following table; they are expressed in Kg / t, a value of 100 being attributed to the tire T2.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1 - Radial carcass reinforcement tire comprising a crown reinforcement formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcing elements, a layer C of rubbery mixture being disposed between at least the ends of said at least two crown layers said crown reinforcement being capped radially with a tread, said tread being joined to two beads by two sidewalls, the crown reinforcement having at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements said tread having a tread surface for contacting a roadway and forming a contact surface, said tread being at least one central portion extending at least in the region of the equatorial plane and two axially outer parts and having at least in said central portion at least one orientation cutout longitudinal n, characterized in that the depth, measured on a new tire in at least said central portion, of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout is greater than or equal to 40% of the thickness of the tread, in that the ratio of the width measured at the bottom of the said at least one longitudinally oriented cut-out to the width measured at the surface of the new tire tread of the said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout is greater than 2, in that that the elastic modulus of elasticity at 10% elongation of layer C is greater than 9 MPa and that the maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, of layer C is less than 0.100.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2 - A tire according to claim 1, characterized in that the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinally oriented cutout is strictly greater than 3 mm.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3 - A tire according to claim 2, characterized in that the width measured at the bottom of said at least one longitudinal orientation cutout is less than 10 mm.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4 - A tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer C rubbery mixture is an elastomeric mixture based on natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene predominantly of sequences cis-1,4 and possibly at least another diene elastomer, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene in case of cutting being present at a majority rate relative to the rate of the other or other diene elastomers used and a reinforcing filler constituted: a) by black with a BET specific surface area of less than 60 m 2 / g, irrespective of its structural index, employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, or with a white charge of the same type. silica and / or alumina having SiOH and / or AlOH surface functions selected from the group consisting of precipitated or pyrogenic silicas, aluminas or aluminosilicates or the modified carbon blacks in progress or after the BET surface area synthesis of between 30 and 260 m 2 / g used at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, or carbon black cutting described in (a) and a white charge described in (b), wherein the overall rate of charge is between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5 - A tire according to one of the preceding claims, said at least two working crown layers being each formed of reinforcing elements inserted between two layers of calender of rubber mix, characterized in that the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% of elongation of at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is greater than 9 MPa and in that the maximum value of tan (δ), denoted tan (δ) max, of said at least at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 0.100.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6 - A tire according to claim 5, characterized in that said at least one calender layer of at least one working crown layer is an elastomeric mixture based on natural rubber or synthetic polyisoprene predominantly with cis-1 linkages. , 4 and optionally at least one other diene elastomer, the natural rubber or the synthetic polyisoprene in the case of cutting being present at a majority rate relative to the rate of the other diene elastomer (s) used and a reinforcing filler consisting of: a) carbon black with a BET specific surface area of less than 60 m 2 / g, irrespective of its structural index, employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, b or by a white filler of silica and / or alumina type comprising SiOH and / or AlOH surface functional groups chosen from the group formed by precipitated or pyrogenic silicas, aluminas or aluminosilicates or even modified carbon blacks in progress or after the BET surface area synthesis of between 30 and 260 m 2 / g employed at a level of between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr, c) either by a carbon black cutting described in (a) and a white filler described in (b), wherein the overall filler rate is between 40 and 100 phr, and preferably between 60 and 90 phr.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7 - tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the difference between the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation of the first layer C and the modulus of elasticity under tension at 10% elongation at least one calendering layer of at least one working crown layer is less than 2 MPa.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8 - tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements is radially disposed between two working crown layers.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9 - tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axial widths of the working crown layers radially adjacent to the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are greater than the axial width of said layer of reinforcing elements. circumferential.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10 - A tire according to claim 9, characterized in that the working crown layers adjacent to the layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are on either side of the equatorial plane and in the immediate axial extension of the layer of elements. circumferential reinforcement coupled over an axial width, to be subsequently decoupled by rubber mixing profiles at least over the remainder of the width common to said two working layers.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11 - tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crown reinforcement is formed of at least two working crown layers of reinforcement elements, preferably inextensible, crossed with a layer at the other by making with the circumferential direction angles between 10 ° and 45 °.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12 - A tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reinforcing elements of at least one layer of circumferential reinforcing elements are metal reinforcing elements having a secant modulus at 0.7% elongation included between 10 and 120 GPa and a maximum tangent modulus less than 150 GPa.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13 - A tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crown reinforcement is completed radially outwardly by at least one additional ply, said protective, of so-called elastic reinforcing elements, oriented relative to the circumferential direction with an angle between 10 ° and 45 ° and in the same direction as the angle formed by the inextensible elements of the working ply which is radially adjacent thereto.
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14 - A tire according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crown reinforcement further comprises a triangulation layer formed of metal reinforcing elements making with the circumferential direction angles greater than 45 °.
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    EP3390100A1|2018-10-24|Tyre having improved properties of wear and rolling resistance
    EP3390102A1|2018-10-24|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    WO2017103442A1|2017-06-22|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    WO2017103437A1|2017-06-22|Tire having improved wear properties and improved rolling resistance
    EP3390096A1|2018-10-24|Tire having improved wear properties and improved rolling resistance
    EP3390097A1|2018-10-24|Tyre having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    FR3045467A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
    EP3390104A1|2018-10-24|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    WO2017103456A1|2017-06-22|Tyre having improved properties of wear and rolling resistance
    EP3390095A1|2018-10-24|Tyre having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    EP3390085A1|2018-10-24|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    EP3390084A1|2018-10-24|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties
    EP3390087A1|2018-10-24|Tyre having improved properties of wear and rolling resistance
    FR3045483A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
    FR3045465A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR PROPERTIES
    FR3045474A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
    FR3045494A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR PROPERTIES
    FR3045485A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES
    FR3045490A1|2017-06-23|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR PROPERTIES
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP3390101A1|2018-10-24|
    WO2017103460A1|2017-06-22|
    EP3390101B1|2020-07-29|
    CN108367615B|2020-09-29|
    CN108367615A|2018-08-03|
    FR3045469B1|2017-12-22|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO2013083340A1|2011-12-09|2013-06-13|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Tyre comprising a layer of circumferential reinforcing elements|
    WO2015114128A1|2014-02-03|2015-08-06|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Tread for goods vehicle tyre|
    JPH07172112A|1993-12-21|1995-07-11|Bridgestone Corp|Pneumatic tire|
    JP3822338B2|1997-11-19|2006-09-20|株式会社ブリヂストン|Pneumatic tire|
    JP2005193815A|2004-01-08|2005-07-21|Bridgestone Corp|Pneumatic tire|
    JP2006273124A|2005-03-29|2006-10-12|Bridgestone Corp|Pneumatic tire|
    US7793692B2|2005-10-31|2010-09-14|The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company|Pneumatic tire tread having sipe that devolves into groove as tread wears|
    JP5334249B2|2009-01-19|2013-11-06|株式会社ブリヂストン|Pneumatic tire|
    FR2950565B1|2009-09-29|2012-08-31|Michelin Soc Tech|ROLLER BELT FOR IMPROVED RIGIDITY TIRES|
    FR2953761B1|2009-12-10|2012-04-13|Michelin Soc Tech|TIRE FOR HEAVY VEHICLES COMPRISING A LAYER OF CIRCUMFERENTIAL REINFORCING ELEMENTS CONSISTING OF A CENTRAL PART AND TWO AXIALLY EXTERNAL PARTS|
    JP5210334B2|2010-02-05|2013-06-12|住友ゴム工業株式会社|Heavy duty tire|
    CN103370211B|2011-02-14|2017-09-01|株式会社普利司通|Pneumatic tire|
    JP5457484B2|2012-02-27|2014-04-02|住友ゴム工業株式会社|Heavy duty pneumatic tire|
    KR20150052866A|2012-09-07|2015-05-14|꽁빠니 제네날 드 에따블리세망 미쉘린|Pneumatic tire tread and pneumatic tire with said tread|EP3727894B1|2017-12-22|2021-12-15|Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin|Heavy goods vehicle tyre with improved endurance|
    JP2020203537A|2019-06-14|2020-12-24|株式会社ブリヂストン|Pneumatic tire|
    JP2020203536A|2019-06-14|2020-12-24|株式会社ブリヂストン|Pneumatic tire|
    法律状态:
    2016-12-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-06-23| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170623 |
    2017-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-09-27| ST| Notification of lapse|Effective date: 20190906 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1562451A|FR3045469B1|2015-12-16|2015-12-16|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES|FR1562451A| FR3045469B1|2015-12-16|2015-12-16|PNEUMATIC HAVING IMPROVED WEAR AND ROLL RESISTANCE PROPERTIES|
    PCT/FR2016/053404| WO2017103460A1|2015-12-16|2016-12-14|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties|
    EP16825502.4A| EP3390101B1|2015-12-16|2016-12-14|Tire having improved wear and rolling resistance properties|
    CN201680072436.9A| CN108367615B|2015-12-16|2016-12-14|Tire with improved wear and rolling resistance performance|
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